Theodore Roosevelt s Study Of The War Of 1812 - 1318 Words

Background Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 and died on January 6, 1919. He was the son of Theodore Roosevelt Senior, and Martha Stewart Bulloch, and was fortunate enough to attend Harvard University and Colombia Law School. He accomplished a lot of things in his life which led to him having a successful career in whatever he pursued. He was a politician, author naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who happened to become the 26th president of the United States of America. Roosevelt as a Naval Officer Roosevelt started off by writing a book while still at Harvard about the Naval War of 1812 and how the US Navy played a huge role. In this book he illustrated different strategies that could’ve been used†¦show more content†¦With John D. Long sick, the current secretary of navy, Roosevelt was able to test some of his theories out while he prepared for war with Spain, which led to a naval dominance by the Americas. New York City’s Police Commissioner It all began by Roosevelt declining to run for Mayor of New York in 1894. By 1895 Roosevelt became president of the board of New York City Police Commissioners for two years and started to change the police force. As he took the president spot, the New York Police Department was known for being the most corrupt in America at the time. Roosevelt would have regular inspections of the police department and would pick new rookies based on their physical and mental statues. Roosevelt being the smart man that he was, would make a habit of walking through officers territories at night and in the morning to make sure they were doing their jobs and weren’t slacking. With the breaking apart of the board of commissioners, time would tell that Roosevelt would later replace the whole Police Commissioners with a single Police Commissioner. Theodore Roosevelt as Vice-President Roosevelt originally wanted a second term as governor or to be in the cabinet of the War Department, his closest friend Henry Cabot Lodge saw that this was a dead end and encouraged him to try and become a vice president. McKinley refused to make Roosevelt the secretary of war but didn’t have a problem to allow him to become a Vice President. Roosevelt as Vice President was

Songs of Silence Free Essays

Songs of Silence – LITERATURE NOTES ABOUT CURDELLA FORBES * Born in Claremont, Hanover, in Jamaica. * Taught at the University of the West Indies from 1990 to 1995. * She is currently a professor of Caribbean Literature at Howard University. We will write a custom essay sample on Songs of Silence or any similar topic only for you Order Now CURDELLA FORBES’ NOVELS * Songs of Silence, 2003 * Flying with Icarus, 2003 * A Permanent Freedom, 2008 * From Nation to Diaspora: Samuel Selvon, George Lamming And the Cultural Performance of Gender, 2005 SUMMARY The book is about the recollections of a female narrator called Marlene (Nice). Her recollections are dispersed chronologically, and appear to have no rational order, but many of the same characters can be found in most of the ‘stories’, which occur in and around the same district. SETTING * Rural Jamaica. * Recollections/ stories are set in the 1960’s. MAJOR CHARACTERS: Marlene, Effita, No Name, Nathan, Miss Minnie, Raymond, Ionie, Maas Barber, Long Man, Cudjoe Man, Dolly, Minna, Mr. Papacita. RECOLLECTIONS/ STORIES 1. ‘EFFITA’ This is a recollection of the Sunday ritual of taking food to Aunt Sare. Her habit of praying for the carrier of the food is explored in great detail. The comedic telling of Effie’s death announcements is another detail that is explored. We learn what happens when she gives a wrong announcement for Melwyn, and no announcement for Son Son. This recollection ends with Effie’s death in 1995, with the implication that few people attended her funeral, despite the fact that most of the people in the district were related. SETTING: Green Town, Maaga Bay, Lucea, Montego Bay. CHARACTERS: Marlene/ Nice – the protagonist and narrator. Effita – the person who did informal death announcements for the district. Son Son – the narrator’s male schoolmate who died, also Effie’s nephew. Melwyn – Marlene’s cousin who was shot by Chisel Bwoy, then given an incorrect death announcement by Effie. Aunt Sare – the elderly lady who was a mid-wife. She would pray for every child that delivered food for her. Ionie – Marlene’s mother Chisel Bwoy – the police constable who shot Melwyn Miss Zeta – the shop owner. Maas Levi – the only person in the district with a car, an old Chevrolet that the villagers called ‘May Reach’. Mass Rat – the carpenter and coffin maker. Miss Herfa – Man Teacher’s wife and a teacher herself. Man Teacher – the principal of the local school. THEMES – death, old age. 2. ‘A STORY WITH NO NAME’ This is the story of a lady with no name. It is reputed that she was abandoned by her wealthy family. She is an anomaly in the district because she is high coloured, did not speak, was very expressive in church before her silence, and was reclusive. She put her reclusive nature on pause once a month, when she went to town in order to visit the post office to collect packages. The story gets interesting when she got pregnant and no-one knew the father. The child became her life, and she shared him with no one, but kept him to herself. He turned out to be even more silent than his mother. It was, however, rumoured that Maas Barber, Marlene’s father, was the child’s father. In between the telling of this story, is Marlene’s explanation of her own silence. SETTING: Tam Briscoe Hill, Baltree District, CHARACTERS Marlene/ Nice – the protagonist and narrator. No Name – the light skinned lady who was related to the Briscoes (rich landowners in the district)Ionie – Marlene’s mother. Maas Barber – Marlene’s father. Magsie – Marlene’s sister. Long Man – a traveler who used to pass through the district and stay at the narrator’s house. Luce Blagrove – the person who spread the rumour that Paul was Maas Barber’s child. Miss Clemmy – the lady who ran the post office. Paul – No Name’s son. Evert Briscoe – He was the only member of the Briscoe family who came home sometimes, he owned the piece of hill and the land that Maas Barber oversaw. THEMES: Racism, Alienation, Women in Society, Silence 3. ‘NATHAN’ This is the story of Nathan, Marlene’s brother. They were two years apart and were different from their other siblings because they were companions silence. Details are told of Nathan’s extreme ‘tightness’, or thriftiness, versus his sister’s need to give everything away. He eventually married a woman whom he adored, despite the fact that she was very loud, and had three children. Marlene describes Nathan as a very stubborn man. She reports a particular incident with an MP where he won a substantial settlement due to his stubbornness. Marlene maintains that they still have a good relationship. Great details are given about Marlene’s silence, along with her struggle to accept her brothers when/ while they were going through puberty. SETTING: Baltree District CHARACTERS Marlene – The narrator. Nathan – Marlene’s brother who was stubborn and very quiet. Everette – Marlene’s sister who likes to go to court to listen to the cases. Marlene heard the story of Nathan’s altercation with the MP from her. Tony -Marlene’s older brother. MP – The person that Nathan got in a fight with and received a settlement. THEMES: Love and family relationship, silence. 4. ‘THE IDIOT’ This recollection speaks about school and education. It begins with the story of Ionie’s pride taking a beating when she had to ask some-one, whom she had previously snobbed, for help. The story continues with Marlene explaining why she liked school. She speaks of her two scholastic rivals, Ezekiel and Wellesley, as well as the class dunce, Bas. She explains the phenomena of partially going to school due to farming responsibilities. We then learn that, in high school, she was the only person that would grudgingly speak to Ezekiel, who eventually dropped out of school. He ended up being very successful and Marlene felt bad because she did not treat him well. SETTING: Maggoty, Black Shop, St. James, St. Andrew. CHARACTERS Marlene – The narrator, extremely bright, was placed above her age range, in the class, due to her strong scholastic ability. Magsie – Marlene’s older sister. Bathsheba Watkiss – Ezekiel Watkiss’ sister and a teacher. Miss Herfa – A teacher and Man Teacher’s wife. Man Teacher – The principal. Pa Brown – The man who Ionie snubbed, and he had to help her to cross the river. Ezekiel Watkiss (Hog) – A student in the class who was her scholastic rival, despite not going to school consistently. Miss Celine – A teacher. Bas – the duncest boy in the class, did not attend school consistently. Wellesley Black (Goggleeye) – Another scholastic rival at school, he attended school regularly and was the correct age for the class. Nerissa Black – Wellesley’s sister and a pupil teacher who taught the lower grades. THEMES: childhood lessons, education and society, silence. 5. ‘MISS MINNIE’ This is the story of Raymond and Miss Minnie. Miss Minnie got married to Lester after his girlfriend deserted him, as well as their young son Raymond. Miss Minnie was an extremely good mother to Raymond, making him the centre of her life, especially after Lester died. Raymond became a successful individual and took Miss Minnie with him to live in Kingston. Great changes occurred in Kingston because he met his mother and brothers, which created waves in the relationship between himself and Miss Minnie. She was eventually diagnosed with depression and low self esteem. This created another change in their relationship, to the point where Raymond would not allow another woman to get between him and Miss Minnie. Marlene declares that, based on this fact, she cannot wait on him because he will never marry as long as Miss Minnie is alive. SETTING: Baltree District, Lucea, Kingston. CHARACTERS: Marlene – The narrator, she was in a romantic relationship with Raymond. Miss Minna – Raymond’s step mother who made him her life, she sells in the market, went to live with Raymond in Kingston in order to take care of him. Lester – Raymond’s father. He is very quiet and died while Raymond was still young, he was a shoe maker. Maas Baada – He read the newspaper to the men in the shoe shop and was affectionate towards Raymond, where his father was not. Raymond’s mother – Rumoured that she was a go-go dancer, she left when Raymond was a young child, instigated a meeting with him when he was a successful adult, attempted to become a part of his life. Sam Nichol – Raymond’s half brothers, from his mother’s side. THEME – Love and family relationship, silence. 6. ‘Morris Hole’ This is the story of how Marlene lost the river. She explains what the river meant to her through her visual description of Morris Hole, as well as the activities that use to occur there. She lost the river when her mother abruptly told her that she could not use it, without any explanation. She then recounts her white ancestry, as well as the traumatic experiences associated with her paternal great grandparents. SETTING – Baltree District, Morris Hole. CHARACTERS Marlene – The narrator, she is entering puberty in this recollection. Miss Retinella Martin – Marlene’s aunt. Munchie – Marlene’s cousin. Ionie – Marlene’s mother, she is grappling with her daughter entering puberty. Miss Clemmy, Miss Nellie – part of the group of Seventh Day Adventist women who wash by the river on Sunday mornings. Sister Sis – Marlene’s great grandmother who did not know the father of her child, and therefore named Gussie Bugess. Maas Gussie Burgess – a very pretty man, tall and brown with nice hair, who lived in Maaga Bay, named as grandpa Eric’s father. Granpa Eric – The ‘supposed’ product of a union between Maas Gussie and Sister Sis. Puppa ; Mummah – Maas Barber’s grandparents and his children’s great grandparents, they are white. Maas Barber – Marlene’s father. THEME: Race, loss of innocence. 7. ‘TRAVELLERS, OR FATHERS, OR LITTLE FOOL-FOOL’ This is the story of different kinds of love. There is parental love, as represented by Cudjoe Man and Dolly. Cudjoe Man is admired throughout the district for his devotion to his mentally challenged daughter. He combs her hair, dresses her, provides for her every need and is extremely protective of her. He even disregards his attraction to Minna, a possible love match, in order to concentrate on his child. We also learn of a contrasting relationship between Minna and Samson. The romantic love between theses two people is polluted by physical abuse. This abuse is whispered throughout the district, but things come to a head when Samson beats Minna with such trength and aggression that she is hospitalized. This beating occurred because Minna got in a fight with Dottie over Cudjoe Man. This confirmed Samson’s paranoia about Minnie cheating on him, and the result was beating her senseless, and then being attacked by Cudjoe-Man. Cudjoe Man ended up in jail and Dottie stayed with a family in the district until relatives from Ki ngston came to get her. SETTING: Baltree district, St. Ann, Green Town, Grant Ridge, Somerset St James CHARACTERS: Uncle Cuthbert (Cuttiie) – A traveller in his young days who told the children stories of his journeys. Cudjoe Man – A traveller who decided to stay in Baltree district and a devoted father to Dottie. Dolly (Fool-Fool/ Doll-Doll) – Cudjoe Man’s mentally challenged daughter. Pappa Lazzy – The gentleman who gave Cudjoe-Man a place to rest before he decided to stay in Baltree district. Long Man – A consistent visitor/ traveller to Marlene’s family. Lobie – He was famous in the district for his womanizing, began ‘noticing’ Dottie. Big Man Cassels – Lobie’s father, it was rumoured that he made inappropriate comments about Cudjoe Man and his daughter’s relationship. Linval – Marlene’s brother Miss Herfa – A teacher, Man Teacher’s wife. Minna – Samson’s girlfriend, flirted with Cudjoe Man, brutally beaten by Samson after the fight. Dottie – Cudjoe Man’s girlfriend, fought with Minna when she heard of the flirting incident between Minna and Cudjoe Man. THEMES: Love, love and family relationship, women in society. 8. ‘SO FEW AND SUCH MORNING SONGS’ Mr. Papacita’s story tells of the great love that he has for his wife. They played together and were very romantic with each other. The story also highlights Mr. Papacita’s beautiful voice, how he charmed everyone with it, how he lost it when his wife died, and regained it – to an extent – when he found the church. Mr. Papacita was a happy and carefree man when his wife was alive, but when she died, he became self destructive. He was always drunk, and literally passed out in the road when he was on one of his drunken tirades. He spent three weeks in the hospital and came out a changed man. He became very quiet, and one day he surprised everyone by going to church, becoming baptized and regaining a bit of his beautiful voice. SETTING – Baltree district. CHARACTERS Mr. Papacita – Miss Aita’s husband, he had a beautiful voice, lost himself to grieve initially, but eventually found the church. Miss Aita – Mr. Papacita’s wife, she died of cancer. Miss Nellie – Town gossip. Maas Levi – Owner of the Chevrolet, the only car in the district. Maas Don – The taylor THEMES: Love, religion 9. ‘EPILOGUE: A BEGINNING’ This epilogue takes the reader to the point at which Marlene is leaving the district to attend teachers’ college in Kingston. She was afraid, excited and glad – all at the same time – at the prospect of leaving her home. She reflects that all the characters in her reflections are a part of her. GLOSSARY OF TERMS Ackee – A yellow fruit that, when cooked, looks like scrambled eggs. Blue Boot – Your best clothes. Bruk dung – Dilapidated. Bulla cake – A round, flat cake, that has the texture of a hard cookie. Bauxite – A reddish brown rock that was mined in Jamaica. Congotay – Deceitful or deceiver. Coolie royal hair – Hair type that is a cross between Indian and Black, leaning more towards Black, wild in nature. Cotta – A circular and twisted cloth that is placed on the head to cushion a load. Cry cree – To beg for mercy, usually used when people are playing. Cucumaka stick – A stick that comes from a tree, of the same name, that is believed to help in abortions, despite no scientific evidence to prove this. Dulcimina – A big, old fashioned looking suitcase. Duppy – A ghost Faas with – To trouble someone or get in their personal business. Facety – Describes a person that is rude, or behaviour that is rude. Four eye – Word for some-one who is clairvoyant. Hootiah – A person who has not been well brought up. Jacket/ give jacket – To name a man as the father of a child when he is not, the child is the ‘jacket’ that the man is given. ibber – to keep your mouth shut, not talk. Peenie-wallie – A firefly. Pickni – A small child. Gleaner – A local Jamaican newspaper. Maas – Mr. / Mister. Mirasmi – Malnutrition. Mouthamassy – someone who talks too much and gossips a lot. MP – Member of Parliament Pocomania – A religio us cult that blends Christianity and African beliefs. It carries the stigma of obeah and is not widely accepted. Tegereg – A boisterous and uncouth person. UC – University of the West Indies Hospital. Yaws – A sore that has persisted for so long that it has become infected. How to cite Songs of Silence, Essay examples

Information System And The Pyramid Model - Click to Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Information System and the Pyramid Model. Answer: Introduction Pepper Mint Food (PMF) is a business that is owned by Catherine Siddhoti and is based out of Maree. Catherine had started the business at her home and was started locals and tourists. There are six staff personnel in PMF and have been allocated in kitchen and delivery departments. With the increase in staff members and the expansion of business, it is becoming difficult for Catherine to manage everything through manual processes. The other competitors are gradually gaining advantage through this drawback and the use of Information Systems has been suggested to Catherine for efficient management. Information Systems Information systems are a combination of hardware and software that is required for the management of data-sensitive and data-driven applications (Systems and Systems, 2016). It would help in the analysis and storage of the data. The prime purpose of Information Systems is to transform the raw data in to meaningful information (Study.com, 2016). A special form of such systems is a management information system (MIS), which provides information for managing an enterprise (WhatIs.com, 2016). These systems are divided in to two broad categories as: General purpose Information Systems Specialized Information Systems Benefits of using Information Systems Communicatio IS makes the communication between different parties easy and quick. Catherine can easily communicate with her staff members through instant messaging, emails and video calls. Globalization and cultural gap The linguistic, cultural and geographical boundaries can be reduced with the adaption of Information Systems. Sharing of information and communication becomes a lot easier. Availability Availability of the services at all times is desired by the customers. IS would enable PMF to make the information and the services available 24x7. Cost effectiveness and productivity Supply of information to the decision-makers is an effective process required in the business. Use of IS in PMF would ensure cost-savings and the productivity will also increase by a good percentage. Information Systems for PMF The basic requirements of PMF from IS are to manage the customer details, variety of meals and pricing information along with the salaries and management of the resources. Excellent delivery system and the management of raw materials is also desired by PMF. The different types of Information Systems that would benefit PMF are as listed below. Transaction Processing Systems These are the systems which are used to maintain and manage all the transaction involved with the organization. Payroll Systems Order processing systems Stock control systems Database management systems The above four systems are suggested for PMF which would help Catherine in managing the salaries of the workers, process the delivery orders places by the customers, manage the raw material and pricing information and also monitor the inventories and products in an out of stock along with their quantities (Chris-kimble.com, 2016). Management Information Systems (MIS) These are the systems that are used by the top and middle level management for smooth running of all the activities and operations. Budgeting Systems Inventory control systems These can be used by PMF for detailed reports and would help in budgeting of the entire business and activities involved under it. Decision Support Systems They offer access to databases, analytical tools, allow "what if" simulations, and may support the exchange of information within the organization. These are the knowledge based systems which are used for modeling and analytical purposes. It would be of good aid for PMF for supporting the management decisions as they have analytical and modeling capability. These would allow the management to make correct decisions such as those revolving around financial planning and logistics systems. Management Decision through IS Management decisions can be effectively taking with the help of suggested information systems for PMF. It would allow Catherine to Making a proper budget plan for the business Assess the demands and preferences of the users Predict the future demands through the analytics results Resource management and allocation of roles to the workers along with their wages and salaries Differentiate correctly between the internal and external data sources Decision on the expansion of business to other locations Extension of the delivery time to maintain the availability of the system at all times Porters Competitive Force Model Five Forces Model was designed by Porter to develop business strategies on the basis of five suggested factors (Resources et al., 2014). The model is as described below. The model can be used by PMF for winning over the competitors in the market that is currently taking over the clients of PMF. It would also help in deciding the supplies and understanding of the preferences of the customers (Competition, 2015). Use of Computer Networks in Communication and Collaboration Computer networks such as intranets and extranets along with the internet are mandatory for PMF to have good communication management and collaboration with the stakeholders in place. Digital communication networks and local area network (LANs) can be utilized by Catherine to communicate with the staff and customers (vub.ac.be, 2016). It would be useful for PMF to Sharing of the resources among the team and staff Efficient exchange of information with the staff and customers Information sharing by using Web or Internet Interaction with other users using dynamic web pages Video conferences Parallel computing Instant messaging (tutorialspoint, 2016) Management Challenges Some of the management challenges that would occur and need to be implemented during the installation of Information Systems are: There are multiple models for the Information Systems on the basis of several factors. The choice of which model to adapt to can be challenging for Catherine Lending methodologies also differ as there is no generalized concept under this Resistance of employees to bring the newer systems in practice can be challenging as well. Proper training and manuals would have to be provided to the resources Cost constraints would also play a significant role as installation of Information Systems would require a budget to bring it in service (sa-dhan.net, 2016) Social and Ethical Issues Ethics are the principles that help in differentiating between right and wrong. IS has invited some of the ethical questions for individuals as well as for the society as it would bring along a vast social change and has the potential to threaten the existing systems in terms of money, rights and policies. These systems have the power to achieve excellent social progress and at the same time can be used to commit crimes related to information and digital media. Ethical issues have emerged as an urgent issue in the world of Internet. IS makes it easier to assemble and integrate the information but the issues such as keeping the customer information safe along with the protection of policies and rights such as intellectual property and privacy emerge. Other pressing ethical issues raised by information systems include establishing accountability for the consequences of information systems, setting standards to safeguard system quality that protects the safety of the individual and society, and preserving values and institutions considered essential to the quality of life in an information society (prenhall.com, 2016). Recommendations The three Information Systems that have been recommended for PMF are Decision Support Systems, Transaction Processing Systems and Management Information Systems. Systems such as database management system, payroll system, budgeting system and stock management system are suggested under these Information systems. Also, there are several factors which are recommended to be considered to develop a competitive business strategy. The forces such as choice and preference of the users, preferred cost range, new entries in the market, technological advancements and developments along with the other suppliers should be considered before making an accurate business strategy. Conclusions PMF is a small business that has been serving its customers with pre-packaged meals. With the expansion of the business, it is required to have Information Systems in place such as transaction processing systems, Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems. Porters competitive model is a five force model that explains five factors that can be utilized for PMF for developing accurate business strategies. Computer networks are also extremely important for communication and collaboration with the stakeholders. However, Information Systems also possess a few challenges and issues in terms of management challenges, social issues and ethical issues. References Chris-kimble.com. (2016). Different Types of Information System and the Pyramid Model. [online] Available at: https://www.chris-kimble.com/Courses/World_Med_MBA/Types-of-Information-System.html [Accessed 22 May 2016]. Competition, P. (2015). Porter's Five Forces: Analyzing the Competition. [online] Business News Daily. Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5446-porters-five-forces.html [Accessed 22 May 2016]. prenhall.com, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0132304619/pdf/laudon%20MIS10_CH-04%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2016]. Resources, H., insights, I., quotes, I., hubs, S., tips, C., Training, E., search, J., development, P. and Contributor, B. (2014). Porter's Five Forces Model | Strategy framework. [online] Cleverism. Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/porters-five-forces-model-strategy-framework/ [Accessed 22 May 2016]. sa-dhan.net, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sa-dhan.net/Adls/Microfinance/MIS/MISIssueschallenges.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2016]. Study.com. (2016). What Are Information Systems? - Definition Types - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-information-systems-definition-types-quiz.html [Accessed 22 May 2016]. Systems, I. and Systems, I. (2016). Information Systems - Journal - Elsevier. [online] Journals.elsevier.com. Available at: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/information-systems [Accessed 22 May 2016]. tutorialspoint,(2016).[online]Availableat:https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/data_communication_computer_network_tutorial.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2016]. vub.ac.be, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/courses/chapters/network.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2016]. WhatIs.com. (2016). What is IS (information system or information services)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/IS-information-system-or-information-services [Accessed 22 May 2016].

Interdependence and Adaptability Organizational Learning and the Long

Introduction Research organizations state that societal learning plays a significant role in enhancing an organization’s performance. Literature has shown that the influence of an organization’s internal framework is minimal when it comes to producing distinctions on the learning levels.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interdependence and Adaptability: Organizational Learning and the Long-Term Effect of Integration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vertical integration is a structural feature that leads to interdependence (Sorenson, 2000). The class objective of this paper is to assess the level of which interdependence and in specific vertical integration influences organizational learning. Another class objective that will be discussed in this paper is whether vertical integration hinders learning by doing. The last class objective is whether vertically integrated corporations gain less from experi ence in production than non- integrated organizations in steady surroundings. Discussion Vertical integration strictly restricts a corporation’s capacity to learn through doing. This is because reasonable managers find operation optimizations intricate especially when choosing on highly inter- reliant options. Integration can smooth the progress of learning by doing through cushioning activities within the organization. Firms improve in production by achieving experience, that is, they learn new things by doing. There is a positive association linking working experience and staff performance. Organizations, however, undeniably differ in their capacities both to gain knowledge internally and to learn from the actions of others (Sorenson, 2000). Integration brings about interdependence in corporations. Vertical integration slows down an organizations growth rate by reducing its baseline volume from which the organizations growth occurs. Integrated organizations can thus be disa dvantaged in comparison to their less integrated competitors. Research has further shown that vertical integration may impair with other learning types in an organization. These include the expansion of vibrant routines and the incorporation of knowledge established outside the organization (Sorenson, 2000). Vertical integration also restricts the probability of learning from other people. An integrated firm has less contact points with the exterior surrounding. While distributors might beneficially dispense knowledge across the competing manufacturers, integrated firms bar this option by not associating with suppliers. Vertical integration restricts the probability of learning from other people through the fact that even when this firms do gain knowledge from other suppliers, they may find it hard to incorporate that knowledge into the organizations’ particular production procedures they have established. Integrated firms thus undergo problems of learning disabilities beside s numerous dimensions (Argote, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above results do not, however, mean that organizations should not vertically integrate. As anticipated, vertically integrated organizations essentially learn more efficiently than their less inter- reliant competitors in unstable surroundings. Organizations may opt to integrate due to interdependence in their innovative design architecture. Integrated organizations that thrive well will gain from distributors deciding to start producing the particular constituents that they want. Victorious firms can thus disintegrate. Success augments the level of vertical integration remarkably (Argote, 1999). Modularization in the computer business elucidates changes in the worth of vertical integration with time. As the accessibility of standard constituents increases, the benefit of internal production reduces res ulting to an attrition of vertical integration benefits as the corporation matures. Regional distinctions might create the vertical integration outcomes (Argote, 1999). Conclusion Organizations suffer from trade- offs especially when selecting the most favorable organizational framework to smooth the progress of learning. In particular, firms that vertically integrate into constituent production gain less through learning by action compared to those firms that acquire constituents from external distributors. It is, therefore, evident that though integration impairs learning through doing, this only affects the corporation’s performance under constant environments. References Argote, L. (1999). Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. Kluwer: Boston. Sorenson, O. (2000). Letting the market work for you: An evolutionary perspective on product strategy. Strategic Management J. 21, 277–292. This essay on Interdependence and Adaptability: Organizational Learning and the Long-Term Effect of Integration was written and submitted by user Eduardo O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Canadian Governor General Michalle Jean Biography

Canadian Governor General Michalle Jean Biography A well-known journalist and broadcaster in Quebec, Michaà «lle Jean emigrated from Haiti with her family at an early age. Fluent in five languages- French, English, Italian, Spanish and Haitian Creole- Jean became the first black governor general of Canada in 2005. A social activist for women and children at risk, Jean planned to use the office of governor general to help disadvantaged young people. Jean is married to filmmaker Jean-Daniel Lafond and has a young daughter. Governor General of Canada Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin chose Jean to be the governor general of Canada, and in August 2005, it was announced Queen Elizabeth II approved the choice. After Jeans appointment, some questioned her loyalty, because of reports of her and her husbands support of Quebec independence, as well as her dual French and Canadian citizenship. She repeatedly denounced reports of her separatist sentiments, as well as denounced her French citizenship. Jean was sworn into office Sept. 27, 2005 and served as the 27th governor general of Canada until Oct. 1, 2010. Birth Jean was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1957. At the age of 11 in 1968, Jean and her family fled the Papa Doc Duvalier dictatorship and settled in Montreal. Education Jean has a BA in Italian, Hispanic languages and literature from the University of Montreal. She earned her masters degree in comparative literature from the same institution. Jean also studied languages and literature at the University of Perouse, the University of Florence and the Catholic University of Milan. Early Professions Jean worked as a university lecturer while completing her masters degree. She also worked as a social activist, as well as a journalist and broadcaster. Michaà «lle Jean as Social Activist From 1979 to 1987, Jean worked with Quebec shelters for battered women and helped establish a network of emergency shelters in Quebec. She coordinated a study on women as victims in abusive relationships, which was published in 1987, and she has also worked with aid organizations for immigrant women and families. Jean also worked at Employment and Immigration Canada and at the Conseil des Communautà ©s culturelles du Quà ©bec. Background of Michaà «lle Jean in Arts and Communications Jean joined Radio-Canada in 1988. She worked as a reporter and then host on the public affairs proframs Actuel, Montrà ©al ce soir, Virages and Le Point. In 1995, she anchored Rà ©seau de lInformation Radio-Canada (RDI) programs such as Le Monde ce soir, LÉdition quà ©bà ©coise, Horizons francophones, Les Grands reportages, Le Journal RDI, and RDI là ©coute. Beginning in 1999, Jean hosted CBC Newsworlds The Passionate Eye and Rough Cuts. In 2001, Jean became an anchor for the weekend edition of Le Tà ©là ©journal, Radio-Canadas major news show. In 2003 she took over as anchor of Le Midi, the daily edition of Le Tà ©là ©journal. In 2004, she started her own show Michaà «lle, which featured in-depth interviews with experts and enthusiasts. Addtionally, Jean has participated in a number of documentary films produced by her husband Jean-Daniel Lafond including La manià ¨re nà ¨gre ou Aimà © Cà ©saire chemin faisant, Tropique Nord, Haà ¯ti dans tous nos rà ªves, and Lheure de Cuba. After the Governor General Office Jean has remained publicly active after her service as the federal representative of the Canadian monarch. She served as a special envoy of the United Nations to Haiti to work on education and poverty issues in the country, and she was also the chancellor of the University of Ottawa from 2012 to 2015. Beginning on Jan. 5, 2015, Jean began a four-year mandate as the secretary general of the International Organization of La Francophonie, which represents countries and regions where French language and culture has a significant presence.

Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership Essay What are the Differences Between Management and Leadership? † Management and leadership are closely related but is not the same thing. They are both necessary and complementary to each other. In the corporate world, there are vastly different jobs that require different skills. There are similarities with the two and you can hardly become a great manager without good leadership capabilities. Being a manger does not always mean that the person has the natural ability to lead. And being a good leader does not always make for the best manager. Leaders can be found in all departments of the workplace. A person can be called a leader if he can successfully influence and encourage colleagues to work toward and objective in which the goal is beneficial to the group. The leader’s job is basically to inspire and motivate. Leadership is an ability that is difficult for some people to learn. However, they may not be able to handle difficult business related issues that a manager might have to handle. A manager is considered a leader by definition of the position. Employees are required to follow this individual as required in their job descriptions. Managers offer stability and confidence in organization. Managers are good at delegating tasks and achieving results, but may not be the first person employees look to for guidance. Management may be described as doing things right, while leadership is doing the right thing. Managers have subordinates, while leaders have followers. Employees may not feel a sense of loyalty to a manager, but will stick with the leader because they have a greater sense of belief in them. Managers who don’t have true leadership skills lack certain qualities that are attractive to followers, such as charisma. Being able to blend the styles of a leader and a manager represents a distinguished skills set. That’s why people with the ability to be leaders and mangers are found at the top of all successful companies. The most successful businesses and teams have strong leaders who know how to motivate employees and managers to the results needed to achieve success. I personally think businesses should carefully review applicants for management positions to make sure they have the abilities to lead as well as manage. If the applicant does not possess all of the qualities needed to be a great manager then perhaps they are not the right person for the job. I would not want a manager who you could not depend on in times of crisis and conflict. http://guides. wsj. com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/what -is-the-difference-between-management-and-leadership. Are the Differences Between Management and Leadership. (2018, Oct 31).

The Developing Conflict Management Skills in the Hospital Essay

The Developing Conflict Management Skills in the Hospital - Essay Example Communication is very important in making the oncology ward staff effective. I will always listen before I speak, speak slowly and clearly, use diagrams where possible to express my points and encourage questions (Ellis, 2009, p. 33). Burnard (1997, p. 83) asserts that listening shows that one cares. Furthermore, I will acknowledge differences of opinions, be open-minded, not be judgmental, accept feedback, be assertive, and share my feelings and thoughts with members of staff. Good communication ensures that interpersonal communication between leaders and followers is clear and understandable. Good communication ensures that all the team members are informed about how their actions, behaviour and work affect the hospital, patients and the society (Ellis, 2005, p. 23). Good communication skills will ensure that the vision and mission of the oncology ward are well communicated to the staff. Proficiency is necessary for informing and seeking information. I will try as much as possible to communicate with all members regularly. When a problem arises, I will meet with affected parties to discuss and arrive at an acceptable solution within twenty-four hours. I will establish direct contacts with all team members once every week to recognize their efforts and notice their concerns. In addition, I will always be explicit and clear on the expectations I have for all my team members. Effective persuasion is an important communication skill that I will alarm. It enables a leader to influence followers and other key persons in the hospital to follow a particular path or implement a certain idea.

Impact Of Issuing Debt On Shareholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Impact Of Issuing Debt On Shareholders - Essay Example The internal rate of return of the expansion project is expected to far outperform the company’s hurdle rate. The acquisition of Productos Reunidos is also a positive net present value project. However, empirical evidence suggests that market value of the acquiring firm experiences little if any gain after acquisition, and in some cases even losses. Also, the reasons cited by the management and the merger and acquisition committee for acquisition, namely, diversification and PE magic, are wrong. Hence, I recommend Tyneside Electronics to grow internally by investing in the expansion project. Moreover, there are gains from financing the expansion project by leverage, even in the worst case scenario of 10% increase in revenue, as illustrated in section A and B. Also, if the expected return on shares stays constant, I recommend the firm to adopt a D/E ratio of 1, the optimum capital structure.

How did group skills contribute to the development of the drama Essay Example for Free

How did group skills contribute to the development of the drama Essay We approached our initial research by deciding on the path we were taking for our piece and examining what would be the best to topics to research i. e. the Wall Street Crash, the credit crunch, primitive civilisations, survival techniques etc. and then distributing these sections to members of the group to individually research. Every member of the group did their own research on everyone of these subjects so we all knew and understood every topic and to get an overview of what we were taking, which would help with our portrayal of the themes within our material. We executed this by discussing what we had found in our research and comparing it with the other members of the group. We then picked the most relevant points from our discussions and integrated them into our material. We all researched different aspects of the stimulus during our brain storming sessions, drawing from what we knew about the image and then exploring it independently. Ideas were developed collectively, individuals would put forward their ideas for the piece (which were often the same as other members of the group) which were then discussed and collectively performed and then modified, depending on their relevance and cohesiveness with the rest of the piece. However input seemed to keep coming from the same people all the time, so we had to extend and force particular members of the group to share their individual thoughts about our ideas. The majority of the devising work was worked on as a collective, although some individuals could have been more involved with the process, but we all wanted to make sure that everyone agreed on the direction we were taking the piece and aspects of the scene. Our piece was a mixture between ensemble and individual based. For the wise man scene there was a section in which we all had to act out the story of the crash moving into images of everyday occurrences surrounding work, partying and resting. To make sure that we were all together for these transitions we practised them over and over again often having to compromise our actions to make them run smoothly into one another. Throughout we all decided that if we were ever stationary or had to focus on a particular spot we would all stare at the same horizontal bar above the audience in our theatre. For our scene in the company we all had to hold boards and walk in an oval always facing the audience, this took place behind the protagonist to give the illusion that he was running down a corridor. For this we to work we had to be organised and efficient, first of all we had to make sure that there were three boards at the front at all time meaning we all had to walk at the same pace, we also had to carry the boards at roughly the same height, this was quite difficult to achieve so we did as best we could by holding them at arms height. We didnt focus on the bar for this scene until we had become stationary; this was so we could focus on the movement of the circle and its relationship to the speed that the protagonist was walking at. To achieve this shared physical look we practised over and over again, extracting one of the members of the group to see if it looked good enough. Through trial and error we managed to obtain the same physical relationship between one another. Characters were, most of the time, created individually however when needed we helped people who were struggling with their character profile or decided that a character should be different to how they were being portrayed. Most of us put forward suggestions towards certain members character development anyway as a suggestion if we felt that they werent doing enough to explore and exploit their potential. This happened a lot in the War scene as we had to create contrasting and analogous characters within the separate groups and, as it was one of our best scenes, we wanted everyone to be heard and seen. I contributed a lot to the development of a movement piece, I took a piece of music called Clubbed to Death from the Matrix and listened to it, noted where the distinguishing sections were and began to create a piece of movement to go with it. This was when we were using one of our original plot lines so it wasnt used in the final performance but one or two of the ideas were used in certain areas of the play. It was originally showing the downfall of the company and the death of the protagonist, I wanted to use the boards a lot, making members of the chorus use them as shields, slamming them down and pushing them along the floor with two gargoyles on the tower of Babel (a piece of staging we were using at the time) the companys opponents are throwing spears then slowly through the piece the gargoyles break themselves away from the tower to kill their attackers. They achieve this by touching their attackers heads, this all happens in the middle section of the music which is quieter and more sinister. After the gargoyles make contact with the attackers heads I made them writhe as if they were being electrocuted, all the while the protagonist reaches the top of the tower and flings paper out into the audience, however a spear hits him and he dies as do the gargoyles as soon as the papers are thrown into air they begin to crumple and then collapse. I really enjoyed choreographing this piece of movement but, unfortunately by this point, we had already changed our plot, which rendered it useless. I also provided a lot of the sounds like the track during the rape scene (The Piano Duet from Corpse Bride) and in the final scene (My Dearest Friend by Devendra Banhart) All the, concepts and situations were created amongst the group. Our group is extremely diverse both in personalities and in ability, overall we have some very good actors and we all get on wonderfully and made a good team, however there are members of the group that are weaker than others, one in particular who barely gave any ideas or thoughts to the process. Their silence happened so often that we had to question her constantly about her views on everything just to know what her reaction was to the content we were producing or the direction we were heading in. This proved very tedious also because she took no initiative into developing her character and when given suggestions by the other members of the group she listened to them but didnt seem to put any of these ideas into practise. We coached her as much as we could and managed to get a decent performance out of her for the final performance. On a completely different note there was tension between two girls in our group but they moved passed these differences and worked with each other as best they could, the tension lessened over the weeks with a few hiccoughs but the managed to work together as a team planning props in the few weeks before the performance. Moment were the group worked well together Why it was important During the development of the War Scene after the group had been separated into two to create material, we worked together to find a ways to cut between the separate scenes to make a seamless and amusing scene. It strengthened our group dynamic, the girls being on one side bar one and the boys on the other, this allowed us to relax with each other and improvise things that we found amusing. Most of the members of the girls group were fans of Monty Python, French and Saunders and Black Adder, which we all seemed to agree, had the right kind of comedy that we wanted to integrate in our section. It helped us understand each others sense of humour and our acting dynamic. After this scene it was clear that we were on the same page regarding material that wed produced prior to this exercise. Sitting opposite the group of boys was good too as they are very funny people, it helped us to improve our scene, in comparison with theirs, but still carry on the path of humour wed been following. Rehearsing the Company scene where every member of the chorus has a board and we created a movement piece using them together. This was important for the group as it allowed us to work as a collective rather than individuals, we were all concerned about this piece and wanted to create a slick, focussed piece of physical theatre. Through rigorous rehearsal we managed to pin point exactly what was needed and achieved a focus that, with the music, made a punchy start to the beginning of the company scene. We had to bang our boards down at exactly the same time cueing the music, to do this we all agreed to focus on the person who was most visible to everyone, which happened to be me, and we managed to do this perfectly every time in the last few weeks of rehearsal right through the performance. Moment were the group didnt work well Why? What did we learn from this At the beginning of the Wise man scene the chorus plays freaks who follow the wise man, there wasnt enough group development on these characters during rehearsals. Everyone was concerned about the content of the scene, which provided some brilliant freaks, but we didnt think how it would perceived by an audience and as a whole, we left this to the last minute, which meant they couldve been even greater. That we need to face everything head on, leaving things to the last minute on one of the biggest scenes of play, especially the start of it, even though we did a lot of discussing in eagerness to push on we sometimes miss little things that could be rectified and turn a piece of action that hasnt been through into something clear and concise that stands by itself. A character that, if taken out of the scene, could stand by themselves and have a background giving more depth to the madness. At the beginning of the process when we seemed to keep brainstorming and discussing things rather than being spurred into action and, if we did create something that was bad suggestion in the first place, we didnt question we went along with it. We were more concerned about not getting into an argument that we didnt tell one another if we thought an idea wasnt good, instead we suggested more ideas. That sometimes you have to tell people if an idea wont work and dont get worried if someones annoyed at you, it is better to create a good piece of drama that can lead you in a great direction after having a falling out than coming up with a rubbish idea that doesnt hold together as a piece of theatre. We all did our bit to collaborate on design ideas this was so we could perform with the set, lighting and music that we all wanted so that we could perform in an ideal space that the group collectively designed. There was a big difference between group skills in rehearsal to performance, in rehearsal we were a lot more calm about everything and kept a very relaxed group dynamic but, only as it came to the dress and tech rehearsals did we start buckling down and making sure everyones focus was impeccable and that we were all doing this for each other, to stand as a collective rather than individuals as this was the only way our marks would be better.

The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God Essay example -- Th

The Cosmological Argument attempts to prove that God exists by showing that there cannot be an infinite number of regressions of causes to things that exist. It states that there must be a final uncaused-cause of all things. This uncaused-cause is asserted to be God. Arguments like this are thought up to recognize why we and the universe exist. The Cosmological Argument takes several forms but is basically represented below. Cosmological Argument Things exist It is possible for those things not to exist Whatever has the possibility of non-existence, yet exists, has been caused to exist. Something cannot bring itself into existence because it would have had to exist to do that. There cannot be an infinite number of causes to bring something into existence, because an infinite regression of causes has no original cause, which means there is no cause of existence. Since the universe exists, it must have a cause, therefore there must be an uncaused cause of all things. This uncaused cause must be God. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) had a version of the Cosmological Argument called the Argument from Motion. He stated that things in motion could not have brought themselves into motion but must be caused to move. There cannot be an infinite regression of movers. Therefore, there must be an Unmoved Mover. This Unmoved Mover is God. Strengths of the argument The strengths of the Cosmological Argument consist of the simplicity and easily understandable concept that there cannot be an infinite number of causes to an event. Some arguments for God's existence require more thought and education in terms and concep... ...existence of things that are necessary does not require explanation; their non-existence is impossible. The existence of anything contingent, however, does require explanation. They might not have existed, and so there must be some reason that they do exist. The only adequate explanation of the existence of the contingent universe, the argument from contingency suggests, is that there exists a necessary being on which its existence it rests. For the existence of the contingent universe must rest on something, and if it rested on some contingent being then that contingent being too would require some explanation of its existence. The ultimate explanation of the existence of all things, therefore, must be the existence of some necessary being. Followers of the cosmological argument identify God as this necessary being.

Climate Change Essay

The weather has been completely different the last few years for us in Indiana because it has been warm winters and really hot summers. The bad thing about having warm winters is that it does not kill off the bugs for the summer months. It will make them worse than what they were the summer before and have greater risks for diseases from mosquitoes like malaria and diarrheal diseases. When we had a drought a few summers ago, too, it was hard for farmers to grow their crops and to supply enough food for people. Not having enough food could lead to malnutrition, which could be very harmful and even cause death to people. The weather has many effects for people around the world. The planet’s weather is expected to become not only warmer on average, but more variable, with more frequent and intense heat waves, droughts, and torrential rains. Warmer air holds more moisture, so the global hydrologic cycle is expected to accelerate and intensify, leading to violent storms and stronger hurricanes. In addition to their effects on infectious diseases, such extremes of weather pose direct physical risks to the humans in their path-heat stroke, drowning, dehydration, and injury. (DeWeerdt, 2007) If the weather continues to be more variable with extremely hot summers that will cause more injuries for people and for the planet. It would cause more heat strokes and higher death rates. The climate change will affect the weather and cause more serious storms that would be worse than Hurricane Katrina, the August 2005 storm that slammed into the U.S. Gulf Coast and inundated New Orleans. Scientists believe that we would expect to see more storms like that possibly even worse if the climate keeps changing. Another factor for climate change is over population in the world and they are interlinked in complex ways. Most obviously, population growth worsens climate change-more people on the planet means more carbon dioxide emissions. And Parry and Rosenzweig’s modeling of food security indicates that reducing the rate of global population growth would do more to reduce the number of hungry people in the world than would limit climate change. (DeWeerdt, 2007) Limiting the number of hungry people in the world would possibly limit the number of malnutrition people in the world. If the climate keeps changing  globally, food production is likely to decrease because the weather will not be the best in the parts of the world that crops are best grown. There are researchers from various institutions have been modeling the possible effects of climate change on production of the world’s staple grain crops: wheat, rice, maize, and soybeans. Their work integrates several complex computer models-of global climate, crop yields, world food trade, and various patterns of economic development and population growth-to predict future global agricultural production and the risk of hunger. Globalization will have to come into play for trade because some countries will be able to grow certain crops better than others. Not all countries can be the best at growing all crops. If everyone is able to help then we will all be able to lower malnutrition and help lower the hunger rate. Finally, much research on climate change and infectious disease has focused on vector-borne diseases, in which a pathogen is carried from one human host to another by a third species, often a mosquito or other type of insect. Common vector-borne diseases in developing countries include malaria and dengue fever; both transmitted by mosquitoes, and in developed countries Lyme disease, transmitted by ticks. (DeWeerdt, 2007) If the climate changes and people have to make manmade rivers to help their crops it could cause breeding areas for mosquitos or other types of insects that carry the diseases. The diseases can be extremely harmful and even cause death to humans and animals. The populations most at risk from the spread of malaria may be those at the margins of the disease’s present distribution in developing countries without good access to health care. As malaria invades these new areas, its effects may become more severe. â€Å"When you have an outbreak in an area where people are not immune, they’ve not been exposed to malaria regularly, mortality can be 20 or 30 percent,† Kristie Ebi says-compared to about 3 percent in areas where the disease is long established. Moreover, because malaria is such a common disease-infecting half a billion people each year and killing 1 to 2 million-a very slight increase in the relative risk of the disease can translate into hundreds of thousands of additional cases. (DeWeerdt, 2007) These numbers could rise if the climate is changing because weather temperatures will be warming than usually and increase breeding for insects. Overall, climate change is possible and it is happening. Everyone has had temperature changes in the summer and winter that were above normal. Our winters have not been extreme to kill off many of the insets and help with eliminating possible disease carrying insects. The weather also will affect the growth of food and need to start world trade to make sure we can try to eliminate hunger across the world. This could be difficult with worse storms that could happen with the climate change. It seems it is a circle because if there is bad weather it will affect our growth for food and the population to insects, such as mosquitos, will increase which will increase the diseases around the world. Works Cited DeWeerdt, S. (2007, May/June). Climate Change, Coming Home. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from WorldWatch Institue: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5019

Osama Bin Laden’s Strategy Essay

What were Osama bin Laden’s intended strategies in response to the â€Å"Arab Spring and why did he consider it a formidable event?† In response to the revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protest (both non-violent and violent) throughout the Arab world, Osama Bin Laden wanted to reevaluate how Al-Qaida as a whole conducted their operations within the Muslim world. Osama Bin Laden viewed Al Qaeda’s in ability to attract followers as a weakness, â€Å"He believed that a media campaign should be launched to incite people who have not yet revolted and exhort them to rebel against the rulers†, (Lahoud et al. 2012, 3). By avoiding joining political parties and focusing on combat operations, for example in Afghanistan the Taliban were â€Å"weakening† the United States which had a negative effect on the United States ability to assist leaders in the Muslim world with combating the Arab Spring, (Lahoud et al. 2012, 3). Osama Bin Laden viewed the Arab s pring, which was sweeping across the Muslim World causing riots and protest as a time filled with great opportunity because of the effect it was having on Governments such as Tunisia and Egypt. â€Å"At the time he was writing, the presidents of Tunisia and Egypt, Zein al-`Abidin bin `Ali and Husni Mubarak had fallen. Bin Laden was convinced that their fall was bound to trigger a domino effect, and â€Å"the fall of the remaining tyrants in the region was inevitable†, (Lahoud et al. 2012, 48). Explain Osama bin Laden’s relationship with regional jihadi groups at the time of his death. Senior Al Qaeda leadership held mixed feelings in regards to how to deal with regional jihadi groups. These regional groups were likely attracted to Al Qaeda after its much successful attack on September 11, 2009. While some Al Qaeda leadership felt that regional Jihadis should not be accepted into Al Qaeda, other leadership felt that only be including regional insurgents could Al Qaeda grow it’s numbers. â€Å"Bin Laden represented a third position, as he wanted to maintain communication, through his own pen or that of his inner circle, with â€Å"brothers† everywhere, to urge restraint and provide advice, without granting them formal unity with al-Qa`ida†, (Lahoud et al. 2012, 11- 12). Explain how King and Taylor describe the radicalization process for the purposes of their study, and why their study focused on the radicalization of â€Å"homegrown† jihadists. King and Taylor describe the radicalization process as one, which requires more than point of view to  understand. This is why King and Taylor conducted analysis of all five radicalization models at one time in order to understand the process of radicalization. By comparing each method King and Taylor were able to note similarities and difference amongst the methods. The study focused on â€Å"homegrown Jihadists† because of the current threat towards the west as a result of radical ideology produced by terrorist organization such as Al Qaeda, (King and Taylor, 2011). Why do King and Taylor take the position that basing counter-terrorism or counter-radicalization strategies on models that have not been empirically validated can be misleading and risky? In addition, why do King and Taylor take the position that the narrative promoted by jihadists is amenable to empirical research? King and Taylor believe the understanding and process of radicalization cannot be narrowed down to one method because the reason behind one individuals path towards terrorism may differ from another, (King and Taylor 2011, 616). Also, King and Taylor believe insurgents use propaganda to their benefit. For example, by leading Muslims to believe the West is attacking not only Muslim countries but also Islam itself they are able to instill into Muslim that they must defend their fellow Muslim brothers and sisters. This is one method that is used in describing the early stages of the Radicalization, as described by the NYPD, (King and Taylor 2011, 617). What conclusions do King and Taylor reach, regarding their study of radicalization of homegrown jihadists and what recommendations do they make regarding future research? At the conclusion of their research, King and Taylor decided that each method provided important information in regards to their own respected method. â€Å"When brought together, however, the commonalities and discrepancies between these models offered even greater insights, which may be used as a guiding framework for future research concerning homegrown jihadi radicalization†, (King and Taylor 2011, 617). The conclusion primarily focused on three factors which King and Taylor label as â€Å"contributing factors† to the radicalization process, reaction to group relative deprivation, management of identities and lastly personality characteristics, (King and Taylor 2011, 617-618). Along with these three factors King and Taylor suggest further research also focused on the internet and how it leads to ra dicalization and also the Jihadi narrative and its ability to influence homegrown jihadists, (King and Taylor 2011, 618)

Hiroshima Essays - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki

Hiroshima Essays - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Hiroshima On August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb, little boy on Hiroshima, Japan. Hiroshima had been almost eradicated with an estimated 70-80,000 people killed. Three days later, a second, more powerful bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki, killing over 100,000 people. Since Japan was economically and militarily devastated by the late summer of 1945, the use of the atomic bombs on an already overcome Japan was unnecessary and unwarranted in bringing about a conclusion to the war in the Pacific. By the end of the war, the U.S. forces had pushed the Japanese far back into their country, leaving them no access to any

Rhetorical analysis of Martin Luther King's letter from Birmingham Essay

Rhetorical analysis of Martin Luther King's letter from Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The success of The Letter from Birmingham Jail is underscored by it becoming a key text for the United States civil rights movement of the 1960s. A study conducted in 1999 found that the letter was highly anthologized, since it had been printed 50 times in 325 editions intended for college-level analyses, for the period between 1964 and 1996. That King thoroughly used Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle is a matter that is underscored by the whole speech being fashioned in a manner that enables one to see a triad comprising logos, ethos and pathos. As for logos, one can see that King organized his letter well, so as to give it a logical appeal. From the outset, King makes it clear that the purpose of the letter is to make the clergymen that he and his group of civil rights agitators demonstrated because it was absolutely inevitable and expedient at the time. To this end, King uses persuasive and condemnatory tones, as a way of convincing readers to agree with him. King also shows thorough use of logos in order to sustain his argument against the clergymen, in order to establish and support the fact King and civil rights agitators had no recourse to prepare for direct action. There are logical examples that King adduces to this end. Another way by which King uses logos is by appealing to authority. In this case, King quotes Thomas Jefferson. According to Bostdorff, The authority of Thomas Jefferson would compel King’s addressees to listen to him since Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the United States, the author of the US Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States. It is for this reason that King quotes Jefferson statement that, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, having been endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, [and] that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† This is an appeal to authority by

Marketing Plan for a new Fair Trade Company Coursework

Marketing Plan for a new Fair Trade Company - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that the modern business world is a highly competitive platform in which the strongest competitor gains at the cost of the weaker counterparts. Although this policy satisfies the economic rationale for trade, it hurts the social and ecological balance in the society. Since the market is a part of the society and the market agents are social beings, preservation of the right of the producers is considered a basic necessity in the contemporary business world, irrespective of their location or economic strength. From this concern, the concept of fair trade has evolved during the 1940s. A fair trade company is such a company that aims at providing appropriate wages to the producers, particularly the ones belonging to the developing countries. These goods would then be distributed to buyers in the international market. Several international bodies work in cooperation with one another to ensure that producers that are situated at less advantageou s positions in the developing countries receive the rightful wage against their toil. Many companies operating internationally are now recognized as fair trade companies; they follow certain unique principles and the activities of all these companies are monitored according to these principles. The purpose of these companies to operate under the guidance of a uniform principle is to ensure that poor workers around the world are not taken advantage of. Fair trade coffee has gained importance since the 1990s.   Situation analysis Coffee Bar is a privately owned organization that would newly enter the UK coffee industry. The company is determined to gain reputation in the industry for its products and its service to customers. Coffee Bar would be a fair trade company. It would follow the established principles of fair trade in procuring coffee beans from the

Housing in a Free Market Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Housing in a Free Market Economy - Essay Example With the end of the housing blast of the past decade, the UK government under Gordon Brown wants to energise the housing sector of the economy. The government’s interference in housing and its authenticity in playing a role in the housing market through its policy initiatives is being seen doubtfully by experts as they perceive the ups and downs of the market functioning a part of the business cycle of regular intervals of boom and bust OR the government’s desire to meddle in the housing affairs just shows the obsession of the people to own a home of their own OR the government has started realising the importance of hosing market in the overall economy of the country, needs o be analysed (The Telegraph, 5 June 2008). The government can intervene in housing sector by planning its role through various choices and taking certain measures. It can initiate a national homes saving scheme by facilitating first-time home buyers to use their tax-free 5-years period deposits. It can allow parental help by making the contribution in the housing of their children tax-free. It can increase the stamp duty to a certain limit to minimise the impact to new buyers. The government can declare a stamp duty ‘holiday’ for a stipulated time to boost the housing market. It can loosen the regulatory grip so that home building activity becomes hyper. It can be lax in insisting on Home Information Packs, which are offered and paid by the sellers. The government can limit the number of ‘affordable homes’ on the upcoming housing locations to boost housing growth as house making is less profitable for making affordable homes (The Telegraph, 5 June 2008). Competition is very important in housing market to disrupt the rent-seeking tendencies by powerful builders. Rent seeking, laissez-faire and state intervention not only kills competition between the market forces but comes in the way of innovation. Government level intervention can bring about greate r transparency in the housing transactions (Hooper, 2009). Arguments in Favour of Government Intervention in Housing Sloman and Sutcliffe (2004) state a number of reasons inviting government intervention in business. To fulfil the aim of social efficiency, which is attained when marginal benefits become equal to marginal costs from production or consumption activity, government can interfere in the specific business market. Response of market to changes in supply and demand may be slow, which can impair the level of equilibrium and cause instability. A free market does not consider the needs of less-affordable people and therefore, the production of merit goods could be insufficient. Market irregularities can be corrected through taxes and subsidies. Taxes can be increased to equal the size of the marginal external cost and offering subsidy equal to the marginal external advantage. The government can regulate the market behaviour by making certain laws to be abided by for the benefi t of common man. These are some of the steps government can take to interfere in the market for any business activity. The current discussion on government role in housing market has gained momentum because of the global financial crisis, which has drawn the attention of policy makers in the UK government. It wants to rescue the housing and banking sector, as housing and finance are inter-related sectors; without getting loans sanctioned by the financial organisations, the home buyers cannot purchase houses and the housing industry cannot attain growth. On its part, the British government through the Bank of England made $352 billion available via the Special Liquidity Scheme to enhance the

Comparative study of security in Windows and Linux Research Paper

Comparative study of security in Windows and Linux - Research Paper Example It is also important to ensure that the user functions do not interfere with the work of the operating system. Since the operating system is large and complex in code, it is suggested to create it in pieces. Each of these pieces should be well defined with respect to their work, inputs, outputs and various internal functions. The look and feel of the Linux operating system is same as that of the UNIX operating system. Linux is much younger than UNIX system. While OpenBSD is also generated over the UNIX framework, it is mostly developed using the security issues into account. In recent times, internal threats implied to the threats that were caused due to the misuse of internal data of an organisation by an internal employee. Nowadays it is not only limited to a dissatisfied employee who misuses confidential data for his/her own profit, but today it is more important to find out the ways by which the person is getting an access to those valuable data. In the same way internal threats to operating system generally occurs due to some internal bugs that were generated during the creation of the Operating system, such as some back door, or some logical errors, that are still not fixed and are open to vulnerabilities. The team that developed this operating system claims that the system had been developed, keeping various security threats in mind. OpenBSD is developed in UNIX. At present it is considered to be number one with regards to the security measures among various other available options, since this system was developed through proactive security measures and implementation of cryptography. OpenBSD uses a pseudo random number generator for its cryptographic encryption purpose. Keeping in mind that security can be breached if the number that is used for encryption gets hacked, resulting in the entire system being open to external attack, the OpenBSD system generates

The Idea Of Liberation In Hindu Philosophy Theology Religion Essay

The Idea Of Liberation In Hindu Philosophy Theology Religion Essay

Richard Gatling - The Gatling Gun :: essays research papers

Richard Jordan Gatling was born in January 1818 in Winton North Carolina, and died at the age of 85 in 1903. Gatling's career as an inventor began when he assisted his father in the construction of machines for sowing cottonseeds, and also for thinning cotton plants. He spent a lot of time in the fields with his father who helped him build some of his inventions. Richard Jordan Gatling was a medical doctor with numerous patents for his farm equipment inventions. To his credit he came up with the famous 1862-model Revolving Battery Gun, that is now referred to as the Gatling gun. The 1862-model was one of the first reliable Revolving guns, but still had a few problems that needed to be fixed. Richard was not the first to manufacture a multi-fire weapon, but his was the first multi-fire gun used in war because of its fast, rapid fire, and ease to use. Major General Ben F. Butler purchased 12, 1862-model gatling guns for $1000 each and used them successfully at the battle of Petersburg in 1863. In 1865 Gatling's improved model, the 1865-gun was tested by the Ordnance Department. One of the changes between the improved Gatling gun and the old one, was that the new weapon used rim fire copper-cased cartridges instead of the steel-chambered paper kind. Though this model did not see service, it was adopted officially in 1866. The military was so pleased with the performance of the Gatling gun that it has been used in every battle since it was invented to this day and has been continuously upgraded and improved. Having received government approval, Gatling began to sell his guns throughout the world. This was a big mark in Richards’s future, he had gone from working in the fields to developing a gun that is used throughout the military of the world. The gun was a hand-crank-operated weapon with six barrels revolving around a central shaft. Having a gun that revolves was very difficult because the barrels would not always line up correctly when being fired. The original gun was actually designed to fire the standard military issue paper cartridge of the day, .58 caliber. A .58 caliber bullet has a diameter of an inch and is capable of damaging anything it hits. The paper cartridge was placed inside a steel or brass chamber with a percussion nipple on the back end just like the muzzle loading rifles and pistols of there time.

The Wonders of Planet Earth

‘The perpetual cycle of change which has created the face of the Earth, with all its rugged and Fascinating variety usually happens too slowly to be noticed. But occasionally it is rapid and Violent. Volcanoes disgorge molten lava, earthquakes rip open the landscape, landslides, carry away Whole mountainsides. Then human beings become aware of the awesome forces that are shaping Their planet. These forces are fuelled by three powerful sources of energy – heat from within the Earth, heat from the Sun, and the force of gravity.Every landform in the world has been shaped by these ttu. ee energy sources. ‘the continents that drift across the surface of the globe, setting off volcanoes and earthquakes and Building mountains. are driven by heat from the Earth's interior which has a temperature of about 5000†³C (9000'F). Most of this heat is created by the breakdown of radioactive elements. Earth is unique among the planets of the Solar System in having liquid water on the surface and water has a major role in shaping the planet.The warmth of the Sun evaporates water from seas and lakes. The vapor rises and condenses to form clouds and then falls again as rain and snow. It is then that its landscaping powers begin, weathering rocks and washing away the loose material. or grinding down the landscape under the power of a glacier. The Sun's heat also produces the rain and the waves that scour the land. The third force – gravity – causes the tides, which nibble away at the edges of continents, and landslides. hich alter the shape of mountains. Under the influence of gravity. rain works its way downwards as streams and rivers, carving the terrain. On its journey, it carries fragments of rock and sand to be deposited on the ocean floor. And over thousands of years more rock which may then be buckled and lifted up by movement of the Earth's crust to form new mountains. {source: Readers Digest, Discovering the Wonders of our World A guide to natures Sciences marvels]

Education Plays A Very Important Role Education Essay

Education plays a really of import function in bring forthing human resources for all states around the universe. A state can go good developed based significantly on the quality of human resources and this can be achieved through carry oning instruction. Cambodia is one of the states in the universe which need a good instruction system to bring forth qualified human resources for developing the state. The instruction system in Cambodia is divided into four degrees, Pre-School Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education ( lower and upper ) , and Higher Education ( UNESCO, 2008 ) . The Royal Government of Cambodia ( RGC ) has set the end to assist kids acquire basic instruction to at least grade nine. After finishing grade 9, pupils can either travel to upper secondary schools or secondary vocational preparation plan provided by the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training ( MOLVT ) . After finishing upper secondary school, pupils can either enter vocational preparation or uni versities ( UNESCO, 2008 ) . Technical Vocational Education and Training ( TVET ) plays a critical function in the socio-economic development of any state. The Royal Government of Cambodia ( RGC ) is committed to economic and societal development as a precedence. The ‘Rectangular Strategy ‘ , the sanctioned national economic development model, and the more elaborate 5 old ages National Strategic Development Plan 2006 – 2010 are committed to skills development. Cambodia will accomplish the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) of Poverty and Starvation Reduction, Enhancing Gender Equity and Creation of Globalization Partnership for Development partially through a antiphonal and better quality preparation system. For growing, employment, equity and efficiency the RGC is committed to beef uping the Technical Vocational Education and Training ( TVET ) sector, ( NSDP, 2006 – 2010 ) . To accomplish this committedness, the RGC mandated the constitution of a new ministry, the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training ( MOLVT ) , in 2004. Within the ministry the Directorate General of TVET ( DGTVET ) was established and under this sits the National Training Board ( NTB ) with a mission to guarantee that Cambodia meets its economic and development ends through an industry driven, quality TVET system, ( National TVET Development Plan, 2008 ) . A cardinal scheme to accomplish quality effectual TVET and competence based course of study and preparation is designation one of the TVET teacher instruction institute, runing under the Directorate General, TVET, as a Lead Institute and a Centre for Excellence for TVET instructor preparation in Cambodia. That institute is responsible for VET Teacher Training and Development for instructors serving both the Regional and Provincial Training Centers in throughout the state, ( National TVET Development Plan, 2008 ) . There are 38 TVET establishments run by Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training ( MOLVT ) in Cambodia and those establishments are separated as Provincial Training Centers ( PTCs ) , Regional Training Centers ( RTCs ) , and TVET institutes, ( National TVET Development Plan, 2008 ) . TVET instructors instruction are trained by a TVET establishments under the umbrella of MOLVT and it is the lone establishment which has the chief responsibility to develop TVET instructors both Senior and Junior degree for all of the 38 TVET establishments throughout the state. Since 2005, the MOLVT has set the policy to enroll three 300 of TVET teacher trainees every twelvemonth, ( National TVET Development Plan, 2008 ) .1.2 Problem statementA survey conducted by Nock and Bishop ( 2008 ) showed the major causes of Kampuchean instructor dissatisfaction such as low wage, corruption/nepotism, hapless leading, hapless life conditions, pupils behavior, and working environment. The same survey revealed tha t 99 % of the respondents said that they could non last on their salary and this problem caused 93 % of them to keep a 2nd occupation. Furthermore, other surveies in Cambodia besides found out the increasing discourtesy from society toward instructors in public schools ( CITA, 2010 ) . MoEYS ( 2010b ) admitted that many instructors have left their instruction places, transferred to new occupations, and reached the retirement age. The jobs besides occur in MOLVT. These surveies above did non stipulate the jobs in TVET but they outlined the common jobs go oning in the Kampuchean instruction environment. In add-on to the affairs mentioned above, it is widely accepted that TVET is a really hapless sector in Cambodia and it is frequently considered as the 2nd pick to all people including pupils, ( ADB, 2009 ) . TVET is a freshly established establishment which merely started developing in 2004, the twelvemonth that MOLVT was established. The registration rate in TVET is really low if compared to academic instruction, ( ADB, 2009 ) . Furthermore, the leading, learning installations, and particularly human resources are in the bad status, ( ADB, 2009 ) . Yet, there are many alumnuss who come and apply for the entryway scrutiny to be a TVET instructor at a TVET instructor instruction institute in Phnom Penh. Based on my occupation, I am able to acquire the information from disposal office and I see that, normally the figure of appliers who applied for the entryway scrutiny ever far exceeds the figure of recruits. For illustration, in the academic twelvemonth 2012 – 2013, there are more than 1,800 campaigners have applied for the entryway scrutiny while MOLVT recruits merely 300 of instructor trainees. Given the relatively low position of TVET, it is ill-defined why there are so many alumnuss enter the entryway scrutiny to go a TVET instructor.1.3 Research QuestionTo go through the entryway scrutiny at the TVET teacher instruction institute is non easy. Yet, there are some trainees who drop out from this preparation plan when they have another pick or better occupation chance. Therefore, this research is fundamentally aimed at happening out the chief motive factors that encourage trainees desiring to go a instructor in the TVET sector. The specific inquiry that the survey seeks to reply is: â€Å" What are the motivative factors of university alumnuss who have entered the proficient instructor developing establishment in respect to their pick of a proficient vocational instruction and preparation instructor calling? †1.4 Significance of the researchThis survey will be utile in some countries as following. First, this survey will lend to determination shapers or policy shaper when enrolling TVET instructor trainees. These people will hold some basic findings from this research so that they will be able to do good determinations when be aftering TVET teacher preparation. If TVET contrivers understand teacher motive, they will be able to turn to any failings in that motive. Second, through understanding teacher motive, this research helps to retain instructors in TVET instruction. Last, but non least, the survey will lend to the present literature on TVET teacher preparation sector, a sector in which virtually no research has been done on TVET instructors.Chapter II Literature reappraisalBy utilizing the hunt engine Google Scholar and the James Cook University Library hunt engine with cardinal footings including: Teacher motives, Motivation to go instructors, Motivations to go TVET instructors, and perceptual experiences of university alumnuss toward TVET instructors career, I have found and downloaded many valuable stuffs for my literature reappraisal related to my subject. Those stuffs give an overview on my subject, and they work as a footing of cognition to back up the literature reappraisal.Teacher MotivationsThe international contextA figure of surveies have been conducted in many states throughout the universe over the last 20 old ages researching the motive of those who decide to go school instructors ( Kyriacou & A ; Coulthard, 2000 ) . Such surveies indicate that the chief grounds for taking instruction as a calling autumn into three chief countries. First, selfless grounds: these grounds deal with seeing learning as a socially worthw hile and of import occupation, the aspiration to acquire kids successful, and the aspiration to do society developed as we can see that many people wish to portion their cognition and expertness to other people in order to supply the capable affair to their community. Second, instrinsic grounds: these grounds screens facets of the occupation activity itself, such as learning kids activities, and the willingness to utilize their capable affair cognition and expertness in which 95 % of pupils in this survey rated that they find the occupation gratifying as really of import factor in taking learning calling. Third, extrinsic grounds: these grounds cover facets of the occupation which are non built-in in the work itself, such as long vacations, degree of wage, and position as there are many people choose teacher calling for their ain benefit such as good payment, for journey, or for pleasance. The consequences of such surveies have received peculiar attending because of the enlisting cr isis confronting many states in pulling people of sufficient quality into the instruction ( Kyriacou & A ; Coulthard, 2000 ) . Kyriacou, Hultgren, and Stephens ( 1999 ) argued similar grounds to what is mentioned in the paragraph above. In this survey, 105 pupil instructors in Stavanger College School of Teachers ‘ Education, Norway, and 112 pupil instructors in University of York, United Kingdom, were asked to finish the questionnaire at the beginning of their instructor preparation class. They revealed the consequence that both groups of pupil instructors reported that their picks came from being strongly influenced by basking the topic they would learn, desiring to work with kids, the fact that teacher calling would give them opportunities to utilize their topic, and long vacations every bit good as societal hours. DeLong ( 1987 ) conducted a survey about â€Å" Teachers and Their Careers: Why Do They Choose Teaching? † in Brigham Young University, Provo, by indiscriminately selected 139 simple and secondary instructors to take part in the survey. The consequence found some similar grounds to the above paragraph why people choose their calling in learning as following: most people rated ‘I like working with children/youth ‘ the most follow by ‘I like to assist others larn and develop ‘ , following is ‘it fulfills a demand of mine to experience useful/contributing ‘ , and so ‘I wish the hours and holidaies ‘ , least rated one is ‘It ‘s a profession that besides allows me clip to prosecute other occupations or concern ‘ and ‘I wish money ‘ . The survey besides stated about the influences on instructors ‘ credence of first learning occupations such as geographical location, learn my country of expertness, me rely needed a occupation, occupation satisfaction, good administration/bosses, long-range security, a opportunity to be originative, good physical environment, benefits, liberty, and promotion into school disposal. The consequence of this survey suggests that instructors go into learning for really different grounds and are influenced in different ways to take learning as calling. Ebru ( 2012 ) surveyed 974 Turkish pre-service instructors to analyze their perceptual experiences about the instruction profession and to seek for ground for taking instruction as a calling. The consequences showed that the motive for taking learning that was highest rated was the â€Å" societal public-service corporation value † of the learning profession such as part to societal, determining the hereafter for kids or striplings, heightening societal equity, etc. Another motive was Personal public-service corporation value of learning profession, for illustration, clip for household, occupation transferability, and occupation security. Besides, the following most rated motive was the anterior instruction and acquisition experiences. Most of the engagement in this survey besides listed their personal abilities and accomplishments as a major ground to take instruction and â€Å" work with kids or striplings † was the following most often mentioned motive of the partici pants. Berger and D ‘ Ascoli conducted a survey about â€Å" Motivations to Become Vocational Education and Training Educators: A Person-Oriented Approach † and they argued some similar to what is discussed above. 605 in-service VET pedagogues in Switzerland were surveyed and the consequences revealed that the most of import for taking a calling as VET pedagogue are intrinsic calling value, perceived teaching ability, personal public-service corporation value, and chance. These consequences showed rather the same survey consequences in general instruction.The Kampuchean contextThe survey by Nock and Bishop ( 2008 ) about the instructor motive in Cambodia has stated the most common grounds why people want to travel to learning are: a strong involvement in the occupation, a desire to assist Cambodia ‘s development by bettering instruction, and because of they enjoy contact with kids. However, some instructors said that they were influenced by their household, had no other o ccupation chance, and chose learning to avoid muster into the ground forces. These three grounds seem to be contrasted with all the literature discussed above. The survey went farther to discourse about the features of a motivated instructor are as following. First, they have good relationship and communicating with pupils with a happy and pleasant personality. Second, they focused on and committed to the occupation by hardworking, punctual, painstaking, and confident, with a serious attitude. Third, they obey the regulations and ever hold a good working environment in the schoolroom and ever keep good pupil attending. Fourth, they are adept and willing to actuating pupil acquisition and accomplishing good consequences. Fifth, they behave in a normal manner and suitably. Sixth, they have a good lesson readying and are flexible when it is used. Seventh, they have good relationship with other members and ever portion each other the utile resource. Eighth, they are originative in learn ing by utilizing ocular AIDSs and schoolroom show. Last, but non least, they take pupils on field trips, Teach pupils about Khmer civilization, and doing betterments in the school environment. In drumhead, most old surveies have shown the most common motive factors that encourage single in taking learning calling. Those factors included: the desire to work with kids and immature people ; the willingness to do the society developed, desiring opportunities to utilize their originative endowment ; and the belief that instruction is a well-paid occupation with respectful from other people. Furthermore, many instructors besides claimed that they like learning calling and they learning is an gratifying occupation. However, some instructor besides stated that they were influenced by their household to be a instructor, they have no other better occupations, and to avoid to be conscripted into ground forces in some political crisis society, ( Nock & A ; Bishop, 2008 ) .Chapter IIIMethodologyResearch designTo carry on this research program, qualitative attacks will be used. Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen ( 2010 ) depict the intent of qualitative research as being to contextualize finding s, interpret behaviour and purpose, or to understand positions. Qualitative research is used to analyze persons, households, and a assortment of group, organisations, industries, and more ( Ary, Jacobs & A ; Sorensen, 2010 ) . Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle ( 2010 ) describe qualitative research workers focus on the survey of societal phenomena and on giving voice to the feeling and perceptual experiences of the participants under survey. Gay, Mills and Airasian ( 2009 ) stated that â€Å" Qualitative research is the aggregation, analysis, and reading of comprehensive narrative and ocular ( i.e, nonnumerical ) informations to derive insight into a peculiar phenomenon of involvement † ( p.7 ) . The survey will hold several strengths. The research worker has a good web or entree to the mark institute. Therefore, the research worker will be able to roll up the necessary information that might be needed in the survey. With this facilitation, the research worker will be able to randomly place teacher trainees in the field of agribusiness and technology. This will assist the research worker collect dependable informations. However, this survey will be limited by three factors. First, it will be a instance survey merely, which will be conducted in merely one moderate-sized TVET instructor developing institute in Phnom Penh. Second, the survey will aim merely 60 instructor trainees from agribusiness and technology group. Therefore, the findings will non be generalizable to other instructor trainees in concern Fieldss. Furthermore, the determination might non good plenty due to the sample size is non big. Finally, the sample choice of this survey might non guarantee wholly dependable findings. In this sense, research workers, bookmans, and pupils, carry oning researches from these findings should be careful about doing generalisations from this survey. However, these findings will decidedly offer the foundation for other research on TVET instruction establishments in Cambodia in which no research has been conducted in this field yet.Tools/instruments for informations assemblageSince the construct of factors act uponing university alumnuss ‘ determination to analyze at a TVET instructor instruction institute are complex and qualitative in nature, the research worker will utilize a study questionnaire and interviews as the chief qualitative informations aggregation methods. Furthermore, since there several different countries that trainee instructors being trained, the research worker will split the participants and interviews into two chief classs: agribusiness and technology. Both primary and secondary informations will be collected. The extended secondary informations demands to be consulted foremost. This includes assorted paperss, publications, books, and paperss from the cyberspace. After the secondary information has been collected, the primary informations research will be done through a guided questionnaire study. The questionnaire will be administered chiefly to trainee instructors in a TVET instructor developing institute. The obtained information will go a model for informations analysis and reading.Site, population, sample size and sampling methodThe survey will be conducted at a TVET instructor developing institute. The population of survey consists of TVET instructor trainees, pupils who are being trained to go instructors. In qualitative attack, the informations aggregation should include the purposeful sampling attack and informations aggregation signifier such as observations, interviews, paperss, etc. , ( Creswell, 2009 ) . Therefore, the sample will be made up of 60 respondents selected utilizing the purposive sampling technique. The sample includes 30 participants from agribusiness group, and 30 participants from technology group. The instructor trainees will be selected from the 12th Cohort at a TVET instructor preparation plan at a TVET instructor instruction which is being trained in the academic twelvemonth, 2012- 2013. Three 100s of TVET teacher trainees are recruited and trained every twelvemonth and all instructor trainees are divided into different categories based on their major accomplishments. Thirty instructor trainees will be indiscriminately selected from each category base on their countries of survey, where they come from, and the ages so as to guarantee the research is representative. Then, the selected respondents will be courteously asked to make full in the questionnaires and six of them will be selected to be interviewed.Data collection processsData will be collected from a TVET instructor ins truction institute, referred as Institute A, in Phnom Penh by agencies of two chief classs of study questionnaire and interview, aiming 30 in agribusiness big leagues and 30 in technology big leagues.Survey questionnaireThe research worker will explicate about the intent of research to all groups of instructor trainees and randomly choice 60 of them in the field of agribusiness and technology. All selected teacher trainees will be asked to finish a study signifier with some multiple picks inquiries and open-ended inquiries. The inquiries focus on the motive factors or grounds why they have chosen TVET as their calling. For illustration, what were the two chief grounds why you have chosen a calling in TVET? Who influence your determination to go a TVET instructor? There will be some more inquiries about their background. To guarantee success in the expected research program and expect possible troubles, the research worker will carry on a pilot survey prior to the existent research. The research worker will choose six teacher trainees indiscriminately to reply the inquiries in the questionnaire. After they have answered all the inquiries, the research worker will larn if the instructor trainees understand the inquiries and are able to wholly complete all the inquiries in a fit period of clip. The research worker will do any necessary alterations if he/she finds any misunderstand inquiries to suit with the existent state of affairs and besides to guarantee the expected consequence in the existent survey.Interviewing pupilsThe research worker will non-randomly choose three trainee instructors from each group, agribusiness and technology. The pupils will be asked about what factors influenced their determination to analyze at the TVET teacher instruction institute and what outlooks they are keeping from their survey after their graduation and travel to the existent instruction work. Along with the two major inquiries, there will be some more relevant inquiries about their background. The interview inquiries will be developed based on three of import phases. First, interview inquiries will be designed based on audiences with experient research workers. Second, the subjects which emerge from the study questionnaire I will administrate will supply a footing for some inquiries. Finally, semi-structured interviews will be conducted along with some extra inquiries for respondents ‘ elucidation if necessary in order to roll up more in-depth information.Ethical considerationsThe survey will be conducted in a TVET instructor instruction institute in Phnom Penh. The research worker will inquire for a missive from the MEd Program at RUPP to seek permission from the mark institute prior to informations aggregation. The intent and significance of the survey will be attached with the perm ission-seeking missive and clearly explained to the manager of the institute and all the participants. The manager will be asked to subscribe an blessing for the survey in his/her institute. Likewise, the research participants ( teacher trainees ) will be asked to subscribe an understanding to bespeak their willingness to take part in the survey. The names of the participants or IDs and the institute will be kept anon. . No information refering the study and the interviewees ‘ responses will be used other than the intent of the survey. Besides, the engagements in this survey will be genuinely voluntary. While replying the inquiries, the participants can retreat from the interview or jump any inquiries if they prefer to make so. Creswell ( 2009 ) stated that â€Å" the research proposal needs to turn to the function of the research worker: past experiences, personal connexions to the site, measure to derive entry, and sensitive ethical issues ( p.201 ) † . The connexions between the research workers and the participants, where the research worker behavior the survey at his/her ain organisation, will confront hard power issues and the consequence will be biased and uncomplete, ( Creswell, 2009 ) . Therefore, as the research worker in this survey work as a lector in the institute being studied, there will be a power inequality between the research worker and the participants. However, the research worker will inform the participants that they will experience comfy to decline the requesting to take part in the survey. After the publication of the concluding findings, a transcript of the consequences will be given to the institute.